Previously reclamation of saltaffected soils has been predominately achieved through the application of chemical amendments, although the costs of these chemical amendments like gypsum or pyrite. However, avoid using saline water for irrigation, since. The physical conditions of saline and saline sodic soil are satisfactory for plant growth but the sodic soils are largely dispersed and poorly aerated with low water. Management of saline sodic soils prepared by i usdasoil conservotion service and us salinity laboratory. The field capacity water content at an ec of 4 was about 25%. Soils having both, salinity as well sodicity problems are considered as saline sodic soils and will have the. The present study investigated the effects of adding various biochars and acidified biochars on selected characteristics of saline. Saline sodic soils can be made to yield a good crop through proper management practices. Jesen editor, design and operation of farm irrigation systems. In southern victoria, typical application rates of gypsum are around 2. Alkaline sodic soil or alkaline soil is a type of sodic soil that is highly alkaline with the ph value more than 8. Background forage production in the saline sodic soil of the western songnen plain northeast china depends on irrigation. Effect of soil amendments on reclamation of salinesodic soil.
Sodic soil characterization and management on subsurface drainage yangbo kathy he and tom desutter. Sustainable management of calcareous salinesodic soil in arid. Soil sodicity is a natural feature of many queensland soils, with approximately 45% considered sodic. The side direction movement of soil water driven by water from depression is the key factor that. Therefore, the water use efficiency wue and soil chemical properties are key factors in the overall forage productivity in this water scarce region. Please view the pdf by using the full text pdf link under view to the left.
These high sodium levels disrupt both the chemical and physical composition of soil clays. Variations on soil salinity and sodicity and its driving. Salinity and sodicity management land resources and. Handbook for saline soil management food and agriculture. This field experiment was conducted on a lowpermeability, saline sodic soil a fineloamy, mixed, thermic typic natrustalf near lahore, pakistan, to compare fieldsaturated hydraulic conductivities k fs after various treatments. Saline and sodic soils principlesdynamicsmodeling e. They can be reclaimed, but it may be slow and expensive due to the lack of a stable soil structure, which slows water drainage. Managing saline, sodic or saline sodic soils for turfgrasses m.
Managing sodic soils there are usually three options for managing problems related to elevated sodium. Because salts can only be leached downward in the soils with soil water, attention to drainage is very important. Assessment of where the water comes from that result in the high water table is particularly important. Pdf improving the properties of saline and sodic soils through. Slow internal drainage is a major problem in the reclamation of saline sodic soils. As soil sodium levels increase soluble calcium levels decrease. Recognize properties of saline, sodic and salinesodic soils. We evaluated the effectiveness of sodic soil reclamation treatments via. Engineering problems in sodic soils and its feasible. Pdf amendments to salinesodic soils showed longterm. A laboratory reclamation study for sodic soils used for rice production. These soils are sticky when wet, nearly impermeable to water and have a slick look. Microlife humates for sodic soils will solve that problem by removing the salts from around the roots and allowing their removal by flushing. Diagnosis and lmprovement of saline and alkali soils.
Soil science society of america journal abstract sodic. This is why saline water or gypsum a calcium salt improves soil structure on sodic soils. Tom desutter, a ndsu soil scientist, explains ways to endure sodic soils. Soil salinity sodicity heterogeneous distribution under microtopography is usually influenced by several environmental factors. It has been our goal, however, to provide either detail about, or at least a recent reference to, each major area of current soil salinity research. Reclamation of saline and sodic soils saline andor sodic soil is caused by separate conditions.
Because of a similar problem with reclamation of sodic rice soils in korea. Sodic soils are characterized by a disproportionately high concentration of sodium na in their cation exchange complex. Sodic soils are unsuitable for many plants because of their high sodium concentration, which may cause plant rooting problems, and because of their high ph, which generally ranges from 8. Soil sodicity is the accumulation of sodium salt relative to other types of salt cations, especially calcium. Management of land, water and plants to reduce accumulations of salts andor sodium on the soil surface and in the crop rooting zone. The relationship between soil ph and esp of the kind shown in figure 17 table 21 exists only for specific kinds of sodic soils, that is, soil having measurable to appreciable quantities of salts capable of alkaline hydrolysis and having a saturated soil paste ph above 8. And its soluble calcium that gives soil its friable, loamy, permeable structure. Traininc note 1 determining soil salinity in the reld from measurements of electrical conductivity j,d, 1 rhoades the measurement of bulk soil electrical conductivity ec using fourelectrode. The first step in testing is to take a composite sample of about 15 soil cores at 0 to 6, 6 to 12 and 12 to 24 inches in depth 015, 1530 and 3060 cm from the affected area. Use approved specification form ksecs4, grass seeding, and narrative statements in the conservation plan.
Global distribution of salt affected soils szabolcs, 1989. They are usually defined as containing an exchangeable sodium percentage greater than 15%. Sodicity and remediation of sodic soils in north dakota. Saline and sodic soils ndsu agriculture and extension. Sanding to saline sodic soils sanding to saline sodic soils changes so il compactn ess and redu ces salt conte nt wang et al. This type of soil contains higher amounts of carbonate and bicarbonate which can be hydrolyzed to. Soil sodicity environment, land and water queensland. A relationship exists between the swelling properties of sodic soils due to the sar and soluble salt concentration ec. Background saline sodic soils are widely distributed in arid and semiarid regions around the world. The impact of irrigation on yield of alfalfa and soil.
High levels of salt and sodium inhibit the growth and development of crops. Managing saline, sodic or salinesodic soils for turfgrasses. Sodic soils can be directly treated through the application of gypsum particularly on the surface, which serves to replace the excess sodium in sodic soils with calcium. Ali hariuandp the quality of a turfgrass stand is the net result of the interactions of climatic conditions, ravages of pests, and the existing status of the soil, given the inherent genetic characteristics of the turfgrass species being grown. Assessment of where the water comes from that result in. Sodic soils in the study area have problems of low porosity, low nutrient content and inefficient drainage resulting in water logging conditions.
Management of saline and sodic soils, kansas state university, 1992. Managing saline, sodic or salinesodic soils for turfgrasses nrcs. Saline and sodic soils north dakota state university. Sodic soils sodic soils are low in total salts but high in exchangeable sodium. Humates for sodic soils all organic biological soil amendment rate. Sodic soils are characterized by a poor soil structure and low infiltration rate, are poorly aerated and are difficult to cultivate.
Pdf rehabilitation of calcareous salinesodic soil by means of. Sodic soils exhibit poor physical conditions that adversely influence water and air movement, soil erodibility, and plant growth. The combination of high levels of sodium and low total salts tends to disperse soil particles, making sodic soils of poor tilth. The ph level of your soil is a primary indicator that salinity or sodicity may be a problem. Saline sodic soils these soils contain large amounts of total soluble salts and greater than 15 percent exchangeable sodium. Sodicity refers to the excess of sodium salts loosely held in soil which adversely affects the productivity and engineering properties of soils. Sodic soil contains a large amount of na adsorbed onto soil particles. Tanji, kk, asce manuals and reports on engineering practice no. Managing soil salinity how does salinity affect soil.
In a study using a north dakota sodic soil with sar of 14, an ec value less than 1 resulted in a soil field capacity water content of about 32% figure 6. In this respect, the development of the most suitable reclamation technology or a combination of technologies important to optimize farm management and better crop yields in a saline sodic soil. The impact of irrigation on yield of alfalfa and soil chemical properties of saline sodic soils hongtao yang1,2, fenghua an 2, fan yang2 and zhichun wang 1 university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing, china 2 northeast insitute of geography and agroecology, chinese academy of sciences, changchun city, jilin province, china. As a result, the soil surface has low permeability to air. Reclaiming tropical salinesodic soils with gypsum and. Agricultural gypsum, organic sources and continuous leaching for reducing salinity, sodicity and alkalinity in the saline sodic soil and their effects on the production. Sodic soils are detrimental to growth of most plants. An increase in soil ph and decreases in calcium and magnesium usually accompany this process. A soil high in sodium, also known as a sodic soil, is one in which sodium occupies an excess amount of space on soil exchange sites. Amendments to salinesodic soils showed longterm effects. Improving forage yield, wue, and soil properties under irrigation are very important for food and ecological security in. Sodic soil management department of primary industries. How to deal with saline and sodic soils successful farming.
248 451 740 763 114 1513 73 1236 468 890 551 569 531 47 594 321 637 749 760 806 383 128 939 525 858 1283 708 24 681 955 101 225 156 683 1483 1504 444 707 566 201 1360 316 1388 737 1049 1423